The outcome of IHE initiatives is providing better information for developing health policy and best medical practices. IHE disseminates information in many ways. In addition to publications in peer-reviewed journals, IHE produces books and a variety of reports synthesizing information in a particular field.
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| Samuel N. Frempong, Andrew J. Sutton, Clare Davenport, Pelham Barton
The aim of this study, published in PharmacoEconomics – Open, was to conduct an early economic analysis of a hypothetical rapid test for typhoid fever diagnosis in Ghana and identify the necessary characteristics of the test for it to be cost effective in Ghana.
This environmental scan describes existing initiatives that aim to accelerate the diagnostic phase of cancer care in Alberta, Canada, and internationally. Specifically, it describes their development and implementation, structure and functioning, intended outcomes and effectiveness, costs and cost savings, and enablers and barriers.
| Jasmine Brown, Roger Bland, Egon Jonsson, Andrew Greenshaw
Objective: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a medical term used to describe a range of mental and physical disabilities caused by maternal alcohol consumption. The role of alcohol as a teratogen and its effects on the cellular growth of the embryo and the fetus were not determined on scientific grounds until the late 1960s. However, the link between alcohol use during…
| Jasmine Brown, Roger Bland, Egon Jonsson, Andrew Greenshaw
Objective: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a preventable disorder caused by maternal alcohol consumption and marked by a range of physical and mental disabilities. Although recognized by the scientific and medical community as a clinical disorder, no internationally standardized diagnostic tool yet exists for FASD. Methods and Results: This review seeks to analyse the…
| Thanh Nguyen, Ilke Akpinar, Jennifer Gratrix, Sabrina Plitt, Petra Smyczek, Ron Read, Philip Jacobs, Tom Wong, Ameeta E Singh
Adding universal rectal screening to urogenital screening should positively impact rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) incidence in affected populations. A dynamic Markov model was used to evaluate costs and outcomes of three rectal CT screening strategies among women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Alberta, Canada: universal urogenital-only screening (UG-only),…
| Anderson Chuck, Thanh Nguyen, James Wesenberg, Rhada Chari, Robert Wilson, Selikke Janes-Kelley
Objectives: In 2006, the Alberta Ministry of Health issued a policy to implement fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing as a publicly funded service for pregnant women. The goals were to reduce maternity health care utilization and unnecessary treatment, which would result in cost-savings for the health system by more accurately diagnosing false preterm labour. We conducted a post-policy…
IHE brochure discussing a study on the use of technology to prevent FASD (fetal alcohol spectrum disorder).
FASD Ongoing Initiative
Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder by the Use of Technology Study
Objectives: To estimate the life expectancy and specify the causes of death among people with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Methods: Included were all patients recorded in Alberta provincial databases of inpatients, outpatients, or practitioner claims from 2003 to 2012. People with FAS were identified by ICD-9 code 760.71 and ICD-10 codes Q86.0 and P04.3, and were linked…
Objective: In this study, we estimate the impact of the new PCV13 immunization program on the burden of disease and related healthcare costs in Alberta.
Written under contract with the Alberta Health Technologies Decision Process (AHTDP). This report provides an assessment of how the adoption of fFN testing in Alberta impacted the clinical management of preterm labour and healty system resources. This was also an opportunity to retroactively use the Post Policy Implementation Framework to evaluate a specific policy developed within…
We reviewed literature to estimate the costs of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the Canadian Criminal Justice System (CJS), and to update the total costs of FASD in Canada. The results suggest FASD is costlier than previous estimates. The costs of FASD associated with the CJS are estimated at $3.9 billion a year, with $1.2 billion for police, $0.4 billion for court,…
This book includes the plenary presentations made at the first international conference on prevention of FASD, which was attended by about 700 people from 35 countries around the globe. The issues addressed are FASD as a priority in health policy making; its prevalence and incidence; strategies for prevention; current applied and basic research in the field; the role of the medical…
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is of growing concern around the world. A range of disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol, FASD is estimated to affect 2% to 5% of all newborns in the industrialized countries of Europe and North America, and the rates may be significantly higher in some developing countries and certain defined populations. Epidemiological studies…
| Thanh Nguyen, Egon Jonsson, Jessica Moffatt, Liz Dennett, Anderson Chuck, Shelley Birchard
Abstract: Parent-Child Assistance Program (P-CAP) is a 3-year home visitation/harm reduction intervention to prevent alcohol exposed births, thereby births with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, among high-risk women. This article used a decision analytic modelling technique to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the net monetary benefit of the P-CAP…
Objectives: To estimate the annual health services utilization (HSU) cost per person with FASD by sex and age; the lifetime HSU cost per person with FASD by sex, and the annual HSU cost of FASD for Alberta by sex.
Summary of Systematic Reviews, Primary Studies, and Evidence-based Guidelines. The following research questions were addressed in this review: What are the clinical effects of a universal screening strategy for ARO carriage when compared with no screening? What are the clinical effects of a universal screening strategy for ARO carriage when compared with targeted screening (screening…
Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms (AROs) are a serious health problem, though they are more prevalent in some settings than others. We were asked to make findings and develop recommendations on how to address surveillance of and screening for AROs in acute care hospitals. This consensus statement addresses these requests. However, confining the discussion and recommendations to hospitals…
This informative PowerPoint is publicly available for use as an introductory resource for justice professionals who are seeking an educational tool to assist in group presentations/training regarding involvement of those with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the criminal justice system.
Le PowerPoint informative est publiquement disponible pour une utilisation en tant que ressource d'introduction pour les professionnels de la justice qui cherchent un outil pédagogique pour aider à des présentations de groupe / formation concernant la participation de ceux qui ont des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation fœtale (ETCAF ) dans le…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
The International Charter on Prevention of FASD has been published in The Lancet Global Health, one of the world’s most influential public-health journals. The Charter – also known as the “Edmonton Charter” – was endorsed at the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD in September 2013.The Edmonton Charter was drafted by senior staff of…
INTRODUCTION: Varicella vaccine was introduced to the infant immunization schedule in each province or territory between 2000 and 2007 as a result of the Canadian ImmunizationStrategy. The impact of vaccinating children against this disease is potentially far reaching, asimmunization may also benefit those segments of the population not immunized. The objective of this paper…
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Malcolm King, SFU Faculty of Health Sciences; CIHR Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health.
First International Conference on the Prevention of FASD
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Joanne Weinberg, Professor and Distinguished University Scholar, University of British Columbia.
First International Conference on the Prevention of FASD
This consensus statement on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is the product of a unique IHE Consensus Development Conference held in September 2013. The event was a three-day juried hearing of evidence and scientific findings that allowed for the engagement and collaboration of citizens and decision makers in government and the justice system in addressing…
IHE hosted the First International Conference on Prevention of FASD, September 23 - 25, 2013 in Edmonton, Alberta. More than 800 people were in attendance, including global experts and leaders in the health system, government, and the academic and business communities. Well-known speakers from around the world presented facts and findings from research, and described innovative…
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Mr. Jonathan Rudin, Program Director, Aboriginal Legal Services of Toronto; Chair, FASD Justice Committee.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by The Honourable Judge Sheila Whelan, Provincial Court of Saskatchewan.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Donna Debolt, Social Work Consultant, Edmonton, Alberta.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Gail Andrew, Board Member, Canada FASD Research Network; Medical Site Lead, Pediatrics; Medical Director, FASD Clinical Services; Pediatric Consultant, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Stephen Greenspan, Emeritus Professor of Educational Psychology, University of Connecticut; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Colorado.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Arlin Pachet, Clinical Neuropsychologist, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
Alcohol can hurt the brain and body of an unborn baby and cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), a serious lifelong condition that impacts both the individual and their family. A child with FASD becomes an adult with FASD, facing birth defects, developmental and learning delays and social, educational, and employment challenges.
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Sterling Clarren, CEO and Scientific Director, Canada Northwest FASD Research Network; Clinical Professor of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia; Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington. Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum…
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Kathy Sulik, Professor of Cell Biology and Physiology; Member of the Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Philip Jacobs, Professor of Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta; Director of Research Collaborations, IHE.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Fia Jampolsky, Chair, Yukon Human Rights Commission; Lawyer, Cabott and Cabott, Whitehorse.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Larry Burd, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine; Director of the North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center and PAS Clinic.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Ab Chudley, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba; Medical Director, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Program in Genetics and Metabolism.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Jacqueline Pei, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology; Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Mr. William Edwards, Deputy Public Defender, Los Angeles County Public Defender's Office.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Allan Manson, Professor, Faculty of Law, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Patricia MacPherson, Senior Research Manager, Correctional Service of Canada.
Consensus Development Conference on Legal Issues of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
| Thanh Nguyen, Jessica Moffatt, Philip Jacobs, Anderson Chuck, Egon Jonsson
Objectives: To estimate the break-even effectiveness of the Alberta Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Service Networks in reducing occurrences of secondary disabilities associated with FASD.
| Thanh Nguyen, Egon Jonsson, Jessica Moffatt, Liz Dennett
From the Introduction: In this paper, we report a discussion of available evidence regarding the association between poverty and FASD, and regarding the economic consequences of FASD on individuals and families which may materialize an FASD - poverty trap.
This in-depth book contains an introduction to prevention of FASD and to the different methods that are used. There is also a systematic review of the effectiveness of prevention approaches and an overview of reviews on FASD. The book ends with a chapter called “Five perspectives on prevention of FASD” written by professionals in the field who are working to prevent…
This one-day, invitational event engaged community experts and senior decision-makers involved in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis health policy in Canada in round-table discussions. Integrated Knowledge Exchange in health requires communities, researchers, and policy-makers utilize evidence from all sources in a culturally relevant way.
| Bing Guo, Christa Harstall, Thanh Nguyen, Arto Ohinmaa
Alberta STE Report written under contract with the Alberta Health Technologies Decision Process (AHTDP). Fecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease or ulcerative colitis examines the clinical research evidence on the safety and effects of fecal transplantation in the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile-associated disease…
The IHE has produced a book of the proceedings from the Consensus Development Conference: FASD - Across the Lifespan. Hardcover copies are available for purchase at a unit cost of $25.00 CAD plus $2.50 shipping and handling. Click on the Add to Cart button at the bottom of this page to proceed with your purchase. In followup to the conference, the Institute has produced two…
Reflecting the recent increased public awareness of the topic, this is the first and most comprehensive resource for over a decade on the molecular basis, prevalence, treatment options, socioeconomic impact, and prevention strategies of FASD. Edited by world-renowned experts, this compendium includes the latest research results to provide new insights and realistic estimations…
Part of the successful Institute of Health Economics (IHE) book series, this handbook and ready reference adopts a unique approach in combining policy recommendations with specific treatment options for Parkinson patients. The first part of the book deals with the clinical medical, social and economical aspects of Parkinson Disease. These ten chapters include the latest diagnosis…
PURPOSE: A study was undertaken to evaluate the utilization rates of routine preoperativeelectrocardiogram (ECG) and chest x-ray (CXR) by sex, age, and most frequent surgery type, and to estimate the total cost of these screening tests.
The Consensus Statement on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) - Across the Lifespan was produced by a panel of experts led by the Hon. Anne McLellan, former Deputy Prime Minister of Canada. This consensus statement on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the product of a unique conference: The IHE Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder - Across the…
Le présent énoncé consensuel a été préparé par un panel indépendant de professionnels de la santé et de représentants du milieu universitaire et du public en se fondant sur: les études publiées pertinentes réunies par le Comité scientifique de la conférence pour l’établissement…
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Nancy Poole, Research Associate, British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health; Research Consultant, Women and Substance Use Issues, British Columbia Women's Hospital.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Nancy Whitney, Clinical Director, King County Parent-Child Assistance Program, University of Washington.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Amy Salmon, Managing Director, Canada Northwest FASD Research Network; Clinical Assistant Professor, School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Audrey McFarlane, Executive Director, Lakeland Centre for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Prof. Sharon Brintnell, Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, and Director, Occupational Performance Analysis Unit, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by the Honourable Mary Kate Harvie, Associate Chief Judge, Provincial Court of Manitoba.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Dorothy Badry, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Suzanne Tough, Scientific Director, Alberta Centre for Child, Family and Community Research.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Philip May, Professor of Sociology and Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico; Senior Research Scientist, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Susan Astley, Professor of Epidemiology/Pediatrics, University of Washington; Director, Washington State Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic and Prevention Network.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Albert Chudley, Medical Director, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Program in Genetics and Metabolism; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Linda Burnside, Executive Director, Disability Programs, Manitoba Family Services and Housing.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Ms. Robin Thurmeier, FASD Resources Researcher, Saskatchewan Prevention Institute.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
PDF of a PowerPoint presentation by Dr. June Bergman, Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Calgary.
Consensus Development Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Across the Lifespan
Background: Although many programs targeting fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are implemented, the province of Alberta is still lacking information on costs of FASD.
Objectives: To estimate the costs of FASD in Alberta based on available US and Canadian research on costs of FASD, and Alberta data.
This report presents summary information on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Alberta, with comparison to the use of these diagnostic imaging technologies in other jurisdictions. The aims of the report are to: illustrate the capacity in Alberta to diagnose and manage health problems with the help of these important technolgies compare the numbers,…
L’honorable Michael Kirby (président de la Commission de la santé mentale du Canada) a présidé un éminent panel de citoyens et d’experts pour formuler des recommandations pratiques sur la façon d’améliorer la prévention, le diagnostic et le traitement des troubles dépressifs chez…
The Consensus Statement on Depression in Adults: How to Improve Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment was produced by a panel of experts led by the Hon. Michael Kirby Chair, Mental Health Commission of Canada. This consensus statement was prepared by an independent panel of health professionals, academics, and public representatives based on: presentations by and questioning of experts…
This rapid assessment addressed a request to assess the published research evidence on how the Actim™ Partus test compares to the TliIQ® System in terms of diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and costs when added to preterm labour management in symptomatic women with intact membranes.
The role of rapid fetal fibronectin assay in the management of spontaneous preterm labour The objective of this report is to evaluate the added value of using fetal fibronectin (Rapid fFN for the TLi™ System, referred to here as the rapid fFN assay) to diagnose spontaneous preterm labour (PTL) in symptomatic women, which is the only fFN detection modality currently available…
| Philip Jacobs, Rita Yim, Arto Ohinmaa, Janice Varney, Anita Hanrahan, Joy Loewen, Laura Mashinter, Bev Baptiste, Margaret Russell
This booklet is a compendium of existing statistics related to the economic aspect of childhood immunizations in Canada. It brings together, in one document, data obtained from a wide range of sources. It covers topics related to the economic and epidemiological burden of childhood diseases, resources used, and system performance from provincial, national, and international viewpoints.
| Anderson Chuck, Philip Jacobs, Thanh Nguyen, Arto Ohinmaa, Janice Varney
Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot testing for the diagnosis of syphilis in Alberta. A new protocol for testing and diagnosing syphilis has been proposed in Alberta. The protocol proposes replacing rapid plasma reagin (RPR) with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as the standard initial test and replacing Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and…
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) HTA Report #16. This report has been prepared in view of the continuing interest in positron emission tomography and other functional diagnostic imaging (FDI) methods within the Alberta health care system. It also continues the work at the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research in developing approaches to assessment…
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) HTA Report #16. This is the second volume of an assessment of functional diagnostic imaging methods in imaging of the myocardium. Volume 1 included an overview of the assessment findings and provided comments on the place of the FDI techniques in this application. In this volume, further details are given of the assessment…
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) HTA Report #12. This report has been prepared following a request from the provincial Clinical Practice Guidelines Program for information on the accuracy of diagnostic tests for the detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomoniasis in females of reproductive age. The intention of this…
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) HTA Report #11. This report has been prepared in view of the increasing interest in ultrasound technology for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Until recently, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was mainly being used in research settings. This procedure is still not covered by provincial fee schedules. The recent FDA pre-marketing approvals…
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) HTA Report #10. This report has been prepared as part of a project to assess the role of high cost functional diagnostic imaging (FDI) and related methods in routine health care. In the present paper, the potential application of four FDI methods to the management of epilepsy is considered. The assessment considered the current…